are they the 'Most Qualified' academically?...many are not, and so it is with some other students who represent minority groups.
To better understand what's going on, let's reflect back on the debate over UCLA's Medical School Acceptances of applicants who did not possess the grades of others. Our family Docs are well aware of the Med School selection process which involves more than a hundred inputs from a diverse group...while UCLA's Med School is outstanding, it has a mission...like other Med Schools...to serve the health needs of ALL people from ALL backgrounds.
That being said, it is an observable fact that the majority of the most gifted students do not choose to enter specialties that don't pay well, yet are highly valued, in underserved minority communities...therefore, the admissions board allocates some acceptances for students who meet requirements for graduation, but not in the running for Valedictorian. BTW, this is not to say that ALL DEI acceptances are chosen this way, or that none are Valedictorian candidates. Hope this broadens your understanding of DEI measures...again, this is MY perspective from some trusted sources.
Note also that documented records prove that getting into Notre Dame is very challenging...its standing in the academic community is still very high.