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AI Overview

The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), also known as the Iran nuclear deal, was agreed upon in 2015 between Iran and the P5+1 (China, France, Germany, Russia, the UK, and the US) plus the European Union. Its purpose was to restrict Iran's nuclear program in exchange for sanctions relief, aiming to ensure that Iran's nuclear activities remained exclusively peaceful.

Here is information on the status of the JCPOA as of June 2025:

The JCPOA is set to expire in October 2025.
The United States withdrew from the agreement in 2018 and reimposed economic sanctions on Iran.
Following the US withdrawal, Iran has increased its uranium enrichment and expanded its nuclear capabilities beyond the limits set in the JCPOA.
Efforts to revive the JCPOA through formal talks have stalled, although diplomacy continues despite regional complications.

While UN nuclear-related sanctions expired on October 18, 2023, some countries, including the UK, France, and Germany, stated they would maintain sanctions due to Iran's non-compliance.

The "snapback" mechanism, allowing for the re-imposition of UN sanctions if Iran violates the agreement, remains an option until the JCPOA expires.

Iran's Nuclear Activities:
Iran states its nuclear program is for peaceful purposes.
However, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has reported difficulties monitoring Iran's nuclear activities.
Iran's enriched uranium stockpile has grown significantly, and it continues to enrich uranium above the JCPOA's allowed levels.
Iran is enriching uranium up to 60% purity, which is close to weapons-grade levels.

The IAEA estimates Iran has enough nuclear material for several nuclear weapons if further enrichment occurs. The time needed to develop and deliver a weapon would likely take months or years.

In June 2025, the IAEA Board of Governors determined Iran was not complying with its nuclear safeguards obligations.

Other Information:

Reports in early 2025 indicated Iran was closer to possessing a nuclear weapon.
In February 2025, the US began a campaign to pressure Iran into a new nuclear deal and counter its regional influence.
Indirect talks between the US and Iran continue but face obstacles, including disagreements over enrichment capabilities and the scope of a potential agreement.
Recent military actions between Israel and Iran, involving the US, have further complicated the situation.


Link: https://armscontrolcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/The-real-facts-on-the-Iran-nuclear-deal-7-23.pdf