It starts with forced compliance with the laws, including laws that prohibit discrimination.
With a daughter starting at ND in the fall as a freshman, it's interesting to see how they position things. There's clearly a focus on increasing minority enrollment, and all the brochures and marketing materials heavily over-represent minorities versus the average student, which is a white Catholic kid.
ND is also introducing a 30-90 second video clip with its applications, I'm sure in part to allow for racial assessment, much as UC schools in CA did in the 90s when it banned affirmative action, and they introduced a "background questionnaire" geared to asses racial background.