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Inspections and investigations: The OPR investigates allegations of misconduct by ICE employees and contractors. It also inspects ICE detention facilities to ensure compliance with national detention standards.

Detainee death reviews: The OPR conducts independent examinations into the death of any individual in detention centers

External oversight
Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Office of Inspector General (OIG): The OIG conducts audits, inspections, and special reviews of ICE operations and facilities. Complaints of serious misconduct are often referred to the OIG.

Office of the Immigration Detention Ombudsman (OIDO): This office, created within DHS, conducts announced and unannounced visits to ICE facilities and assesses compliance with detention standards.

Congress: Congressional oversight is intended to ensure transparency and accountability.
Facility access: Members of Congress and their staff have a legal right to access to detention centers.
Legislation: Lawmakers have introduced new legislation, like the CLEAR ID Act, to address concerns about unidentified agents conducting raids and to demand increased accountability from ICE.

Federal courts: Litigation from immigrant rights groups holds ICE accountable by challenging illegal policies and demanding transparency.

Lawsuits for transparency: Groups like the American Immigration Council have sued ICE and the Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR) to compel the release of documents regarding arrests at immigration courts.

Whistleblowers: Employees and contractors with firsthand knowledge of abuses within the immigration system have been instrumental in exposing systemic issues.