"ICE agents can legally detain U.S. citizens for non-immigration offenses when they have authority under Title 18 federal criminal law, through cross-designation agreements with other agencies, or during 287(g) task force operations. As of January 2026, ICE’s Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) division enforces over 400 federal statutes including drug trafficking, human smuggling, customs violations, money laundering, and terrorism—giving them arrest powers over citizens that extend far beyond immigration enforcement."