All of the above are in a recession or soon will be. Most are offering bonds with negative interest rates. You buy a German Bund at -0.64 a record low. So that means for every 100 Euro note you lose 0.36 points. So money is flowing into the US with our 10 year rate at 1.6 causes a rising dollar and compounds the issue. Rates need to be cut to weaken the dollar.