Something similar but different: those who excel in the chaos of combat?
Successful combatants...cool under fire, rising to the occasion and excelling in chaos...and then coming home and trying to tolerate doing the orderly and mundane, day after day, wondering why people do it, and struggling to do it all...looking for another deployment to find meaning and purpose in their life.
I don't know if that is antifragile (I haven't read the book). Probably not. Perhaps it is an analog, and not a subset of antifragility. I've always looked at it like this: they have moral clarity and unambiguous purpose and sense of mission in combat...something they have a hard time finding running spreadsheet reports every month, and dropping off their clothes at the cleaners every week.
Trump seems to look for disorder in his daily life to find his purpose, though.