From AI Mode, the operation breached major legal frameworks:

Under Article 2(4) of the UN Charter, nations are strictly forbidden from using force against the territorial integrity or political independence of another sovereign state. Legal scholars state the exceptions—such as an explicit United Nations Security Council mandate or direct self-defense against an imminent armed attack—did not apply to this situation. Experts emphasize that nations cannot unilaterally enforce domestic criminal warrants inside foreign territory without that state's consent.

Under Article I of the U.S. Constitution, Congress holds the sole power to declare war. Critics argue the extensive bombing of Venezuelan infrastructure and the deployment of special forces into Caracas constituted an unconstitutional act of war initiated entirely by the executive branch without congressional notification or approval.

The War Powers Resolution: Enacted in 1973, this resolution requires the president to consult with and notify Congress regarding military hostilities. Lawmakers noted that the administration failed to provide advance notice or consult with congressional leadership before executing the raid.